Advertisement
Rapid Communication| Volume 1, ISSUE 2, P93-102, May 1990

The development and current status of wilderness prehospital emergency care in the United States

      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      References

      1. Malatak, J. American Red Cross National Headquarters, Washington, DC 20006, personal communication.

        • The American National Red Cross
        American Red Cross standard first aid and personal safety.
        Doubleday & Co, Garden City, NY1973
        • The American National Red Cross
        Advanced first aid & emergency care.
        Doubleday & Co, Garden City, NY1973
        • National Academy of Sciences
        Accidental death and disability: the neglected disease of modern society.
        National Academy Press, Washington, DC1966
        • US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
        Emergency medical technician-ambulance: national standard curriculum.
        3rd ed. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC1984
      2. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Emergency care and transportation of the sick and injured. Menasha, WI: George Banta 1971. 4th ed., 1987.

        • Grant H.
        • Murray R.
        Emergency care.
        R.J. Brady, Washington, DC1971
        • Caroline N.
        Emergency medical treatment.
        Little, Brown & Co, Boston1982
      3. State Department of Education, Columbus, Ohio. Emergency victim care. Ohio State University, 1971.

        • Hafen B.
        • Karren K.
        Prehospital emergency care & crisis intervention.
        Morton Publishing Co, Englewood, CO1981
        • Bergeron J.
        1st responder.
        Robert J. Brady Co, Bowie, MD1982
      4. Samaritan Health Service. National Park Service: park medic core curriculum. Washington DC: National Park Service, Department of the Interior.

        • Committee on Trauma Research, Commission on Life Sciences
        National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.
        Injury in America. National Academy Press, Washington, DC1985
        • Kimball H.
        First aid.
        in: Brower D. Manual of ski mountaineering. 3rd ed. San Francisco, Sierra Club1962
        • Wilkerson J.
        Medicine for mountaineering.
        3rd ed. The Mountaineers, Seattle1985
        • Bowman W.
        Outdoor emergency care.
        National Ski Patrol, Denver1988
      5. Houston, C. and Cummings, S., eds. Proceedings: Yosemite Institute mountain medicine symposium. Yosemite Institute, 1976.

      6. Darvill, F. Mountaineering medicine. Berkeley, CA: Wilderness Press, 1965. 12th ed., 1989.

      7. Wilkerson, J., ed. Medicine for mountaineering. Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1967. 2nd ed., 1975, 3rd ed., 1985.

      8. Mitchell, D. Mountaineering first aid Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1972. 2nd ed., 1975, 3rd ed., 1985.

      9. Eastman, P. Advanced first aid afloat. Cambridge, MD: Cornell Maritime Press, 1972. 2nd ed., 1974.

        • Bowman W.
        Extended out of ski area first aid for ski mountaineers and nordic ski patrollers.
        National Ski Patrol, Denver1976
        • Eastman P.
        Advanced first aid for all outdoors.
        Cornell Maritime Press, Cambridge, MD1976
      10. Forgey, W. Wilderness medicine. Pittsboro, IN: Indiana Camp Supply, Inc., 1979. 3rd ed., 1987.

      11. Auerbach, P., Geehr, E., eds. Environmental Medical Emergencies, Topics in Emergency Medicine, Rockville, MD: Aspen Systems Corp., October, 1980.

      12. Auerbach, P., Geehr, E., eds. Management of Wilderness and Environmental Emergencies, New York, Toronto, London: McMillan, First Edition 1983, Second Edition (published by C.V. Mosby, New York, London, Toronto) 1989.

        • Kizer K.
        Environmental Emergencies, Emergency Clinics of North America, Phila.
        W.B. Saunders, London1984
        • Auerbach P.
        Medicine for the Outdoors.
        Little, Brown & Co, Boston, Toronto1986
        • Bowman W.
        Outdoor Emergency Care.
        National Ski Patrol, Denver1988
      13. Bowman, W. Current status of backcountry first aid. In Response 87 (Conference Syllabus for 1986 annual meeting of the National Association for Search and Rescue, Orlando, FL, May 13–7, 1986.

        • Bowman W.
        Appendix B: Wilderness emergency care module.
        Outdoor emergency care. National Ski Patrol, Denver1988
      14. Goth, P. personal communication regarding Wilderness Medical Associates, RFD 2, Box 890, Bryant Pond, ME 04219.

      15. Goth, P. Update on NASAR wilderness medicine programs. Response (Winter, 1989): 24.

      16. Hubbell, F. and Frizzell, L., personal communication regarding SOLO, RFD 1, Box 163, Conway, NH 03818.

      17. Conover, K., personal communication regarding the Center for Emergency Medicine of Western Pennsylvania, 190 Lothrop, #113, Pittsburg, PA 15213.

      18. Schimelpfenig, T., personal communication regarding the National Outdoor Leadership School, PO Box AA, Lander, WY 82520.

      19. Lindsay, L., personal communication regarding Colorado Outward Bound, 945 Pennsylvania St., Denver, CO 80203.

      20. Gooding, D., personal communication regarding the American Alpine Institute, 1212 24th St., Bellingham, WA 98225.

        • Donelan S.
        Wilderness first aid programs: directory.
        Wilderness First Aid. 1989;
      21. Seattle Mountaineers, 715 Pike St., Seattle, WN 98101, personal communication.

      22. Davidson, T., personal communication regarding the 1989 course, University of California, San Diego, Office of Continuing Medical Education, M-017, La Jolla, CA 92093-0617.

      23. Wilderness Medical Society, PO Box 397, Point Reyes Station, CA 94956, personal communication.

      24. Rainier Mountaineering Inc., 535 Dock Street, Suite 209, Tacoma, WN 98402, personal communication.

      25. Goth, P., personal communication.

      26. 1985 National Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC), Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC), Part VII: Medicolegal Considerations and Recommendations, JAMA (1986); 255: 2981.