Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 46-49 , March 2010

Ophidism by the Green Palmsnake

  • D. Bruce Means, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: D. Bruce Means, PhD, Coastal Plains Institute and Land Conservancy, 1313 Milton St, Tallahassee, FL 32303

References 

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  2. Fry BG, Wüster W, Ramjan SFR, Jackson T, Martelli P, Kini RM. Analysis of Colubroidea snake venoms by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: evolutionary and toxinological implications. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2003;17:2047–2062
  3. Fry BG, Lumsden NG, Wüster W, Wickramaratna JC, Hodgson WC, Kini RM. Isolation of a neurotoxin (alpha-colubritoxin) from a nonvenomous colubrid: evidence for early origin of venom in snakes. J Mol Evol. 2003;57:446–452
  4. Lumsden NG, Fry BG, Kini RM, Hodgson WC. In vitro neuromuscular activity of ‘colubrid' venoms: clinical and evolutionary implications. Toxicon. 2004;43:819–827
  5. Warrell DA. Snakebites in Central and South America: epidemiology, clinical features, and clinical management. In:  Campbell JA,  Lamar WW editor. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. II:Ithaca, NY: Comstock; 2004;p. 709–761
  6. Rodríguez-Acosta A, Lemoine K, Navarrete L, Girón ME, Aguilar I. Experimental ophitoxemia produced by the opisthoglyphous lora snake (Philodryan olfersii) venom. Rev Soc Brasil Med Trop. 2006;39:193–197
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  8. Campbell JA, Lamar WW. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. II Ithaca, NY: Comstock; 2004;
  9. Rodríguez-Acosta A, Giron ME, Aguilar I, Fuentes O. A case of envenomation by a “non-venomous” snake (Philodryas viridissimus) and comparison between this snake's Duvernoy's gland secretion and northern South America rattlesnakes venoms. Arch Venez Med Trop. 1997;1:29–32
  10. Ribeiro LA, Puerto G, Jorge MT. Bites by the colubrid snake Philodryas olfersii: a clinical and epidemiological study of 43 cases. Toxicon. 1999;37:943–948
  11. De Araújo ME, dos Santos ACMCA. Cases of human envenoming caused by Philodryas olfersii and Philodryas patagoniensis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1997;(30):517–519
  12. Fry BG, Winkel KD, Wickramaratna JC, Hodgson WC, Wüster W. Effectiveness of snake antivenom: species and regional venom variation and its clinical impact. Toxin Rev. 2003;22:23–34
  13. Queiroz GP, Pessoa LA, Portaro FCV, Furtado MdeFV, Tambourg DV. Interspecific variation in venom composition and toxicity of Brazilian snakes from Bothrops genus. Toxicon. 2008;52:842–851

PII: S1080-6032(09)00009-X

doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2009.12.008

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
Volume 21, Issue 1 , Pages 46-49 , March 2010